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Öğe Can Energy Efficiency Help in Achieving Carbon-Neutrality Pledges? A Developing Country Perspective Using Dynamic ARDL Simulations(MDPI, ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 2022) Hossain, Md. Emran; Rej, Soumen; Saha, Sourav Mohan; Onwe, Joshua Chukwuma; Nwulu, Nnamdi; Bekun, Festus Victor; Taha, AmjadThe current research sheds light on the nexus between environmental degradation as proxied by carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 ), energy efficiency (EE), economic growth, manufacturing value-added (MVA), and the interaction effect of EE and MVA in India. Using yearly data from 1980 to 2019, the current study employs dynamic auto-regressive distribution lag (DARDL) simulations and Fourier Toda and Yamamoto causality techniques. The findings of DARDL reveal that as income and MVA rise, environmental quality decreases, while EE improves environmental conditions in both the long and short run. Surprisingly, the interaction term of EE and MVA has a detrimental influence on environmental quality, meaning that India remains unable to provide energy savings technologies to the manufacturing industry. Furthermore, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is well-founded for India, as the long-run income coefficient is smaller than the short-run coefficient, implying that India is in its scale stage of economy, where economic growth is prioritized over environmental quality. The results of the causality technique reveal that CO2 emissions and EE have a bidirectional association. Therefore, policymakers in India should embrace realistic industrialization strategies combined with moderate decarbonization and energy efficiency initiatives under the umbrella of sustainable industrial and economic growth.Öğe COVID-19 vaccine-taking hesitancy among Bangladeshi people: knowledge, perceptions and attitude perspective(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106, 2021) Hossain, Md. Emran; Rana, Md. Jaber; Islam, Md. Sayemul; Khan, Md. Akhtaruzzaman; Chakrobortty, Sudipto; Ema, Nishat Sultana; Bekun, Festus VictorSeveral novel efforts have been put forth to make a readily available vaccine against the global pandemic of COVID-19. However, there seems to appear vaccine-taking hesitancy among the general people. Against this backdrop, this current study sets to assess the vaccine-taking intention, ways to overcome the vaccine-taking reluctance among Bangladeshi people and explore their knowledge, perceptions, and attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine. To this end, this study leveraged on a cross-sectional survey, which was consisted of 1377 respondents covering the eight divisions of Bangladesh. The descriptive statistical method and ordinal logistics regression were employed to explore and rationalize our study outlined objectives. Empirical findings revealed that approximately 71% of the respondents had adequate knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine, whereas 46% of the respondents were willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19 while the rest of the respondents were hesitant to take the vaccine. However, concern about the potential side effects was one of the core reasons for vaccine-taking hesitancy. Assuring the common people about vaccine safety and efficacy, along with easing the registration procedure, can ameliorate people’s confidence to get vaccinated. Meanwhile, about 60% of the respondents believed that a vaccine could help Bangladesh win the battle against COVID-19 and will allow back to normal life. Although the government has taken some pragmatic action steps to promote the vaccination rate, it is recommended that the mass vaccination program should be extended to the grassroots level with proper extension community support and easing the registration process.Öğe Diversification in the tourism sector and economic growth in Australia: a disaggregated analysis(Wiley, 2023) Solarin, Sakiru Adebola; Lasisi, Taiwo Temitope; Hossain, Md. Emran; Bekun, Festus VictorIn most countries inclusive of Australia, tourism policies do not only deal with how to diversify tourism markets but also how to diversify tourism activities. Efforts are often made to increase the inflows of tourists from different source markets and to improve arrivals for various tourism activities. However, the existing literature on the economic impact of the diversification of the sector has not dealt with the economic impact of diversification of tourism markets. This study aims to examine the economic impact of diversification of both tourism markets and tourism activities. Using a newly developed tourism diversification index, the focus of the study is on Australia for the period, 1976-2020. Utilizing a dynamic autoregressive lag simulation approach, the results suggest that diversification of tourism markets and activities generated positive economic growth in Australia in line with the notion of tourism-led growth hypothesis. Empirical results outline that a 1% increase in diversification of tourism markets and activities generated increases in the gross domestic product by 0.010% and 0.070%, respectively. One of the implications of the results is that policies to diversify tourism markets and activities will be beneficial to the economy in Australia.Öğe Does nuclear energy mitigate CO2 emissions in the USA? Testing IPAT and EKC hypotheses using dynamic ARDL simulations approach(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND, 2024) Hassan, Abubakar; Haseeb, Mohammad; Bekun, Festus Victor; Yazdi, Asieh Haieri; Ullah, Ehsan; Hossain, Md. EmranGrowing concern over climate change mitigation has heightened the search for low-carbon, affordable, and nonintermittent energy alternatives. In this perspective, hydropower, thermal, solar, photovoltaic, and nuclear energy sources fit all these qualities as they are well-known as cleaner and ecosystem-friendly energy sources. However, despite the attractiveness of the clean energy transition, the extant literature has less documentation on the pertinent role of nuclear energy in the “climate change mitigation (SDG-13)” agenda, hence making it difficult to predict nuclear energy-CO2 emissions (CO2e) nexus. Hence, the present study, using IPAT and the “environmental Kuznets curve (EKC)” framework, explores the consequences of nuclear energy generation, population dynamics, and economic progress on CO2e in the “United States of America (USA)” by applying a “dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL)” model from 1973 to 2021. The study provides evidence the existence of the EKC phenomena, suggesting that economic expansion hurts the environment up to a specific threshold level of per capita income, which is identified as US$ 29,581.16. Further empirical findings also show the detrimental effect of population-induced-emission. Remarkably, a 1% rise in nuclear energy generation dwindles CO2e by around 0.819%. The outcomes of this research demonstrate that economic growth level, population, and CO2 emission are entangled. However, there is a need for a collective role from both stakeholders and policymakers in achieving “SDG-13” as well as “clean and affordable energy (SDG-7)” with a paradigm shift of the USA energy portfolio away from fossil fuels to renewables.Öğe Environmental consequences of foreign direct investment infux and conventional energy consumption: evidence from dynamic ARDL simulation for Turkey(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, 2022) Agboola, Phillips O.; Hossain, Md. Emran; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Bekun, Festus VictorThe preponderance of emerging economies confronts signifcant trade-ofs between economic growth and environmental sustainability considerations, and Turkey is no exception. This study draws strength from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs-7,11,12 & 13). To this end, the present study explores the role of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the case of Turkey for annual frequency data from 1970 to 2020. The present study leverages on the novel dynamic autoregressive-distributed lag (DARDL) methodology and Bayer and Hanck combined cointegration test. The combined Bayer and Hanck cointegration test alongside ARDL bounds test traces equilibrium relationship between economic growth, urbanization, FDI, energy use, and CO2 emission over the investigated period. Empirical results from the DARDL simulation analysis validates the EKC hypothesis. These results suggest that environmental quality is being compromised for economic growth at the earlier stage of economic growth (scale stage). The EKC phenomenon is afrmed as a 1% increase in economic growth increase emission level by 0.1580% and quadratic economic growth decrease emission by 0.1095% in the short and long run, respectively. Similarly, urbanization and energy used in both the short and long run also worsen environmental quality while FDI infux in the long run improves environmental quality in Turkey. These outcomes have far-reaching environment-urbanization growth implications. From a policy lens, the current study subscribed to the environmental stick policies and investment on strategies on a paradigm shift from fossil-fuel energy consumption base to renewables. Further insights are highlighted in the concluding section.Öğe Glasgow climate change conference (COP26) and its implications in sub-Sahara Africa economies(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND, 2023) Adedoyin, Festus Fatai; Bekun, Festus Victor; Hossain, Md. Emran; Ofori, Elvis Kwame; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Haseki, Murat İsmetAlternative energy has been hailed as a feasible resolution to the environmental degradation and energy problems that have plagued Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) recently. The expansion of the clean energy sector, on the other hand, relies on economic growth, effective governance, and financial considerations. As a result, it is important to investigate the links between these variables in SSA. This study investigated the influence of economic growth, institutional quality, foreign direct investment (FDI), and financial development on renewable energy at the national threshold in SSA using a two-step difference GMM model based on panel data collected from 2002 to 2019. The outcome shows that economic growth and all three financial development indicators (FD1, FD2 and FD3) have a positive significant relationship with renewable energy. Furthermore, for SSA countries, FDI, as well as all six proxy factors for institutional quality, had a negative significant influence on renewable energy. Our empirical findings propose a variety of policies that might help the renewable energy sector grow.Öğe Heading towards sustainable environment: exploring the dynamic linkage among selected macroeconomic variables and ecological footprint using a novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, 2022) Islam, Md. Sayemul; Hossain, Md. Emran; Khan, Md. Akhtaruzzaman; Rana, Md. Jaber; Ema, Nishat Sultana; Bekun, Festus VictorEver since the emancipation of a country, its environmental quality has undergone a signifcant transition during the development phases; Bangladesh is no exception. Bangladesh is facing a serious threat in the age of global warming, and climate change as the country is looking forward in achieving the SDGs by 2030. Yet, there is a dearth of study regarding the relationship among crucial macroeconomic drivers and ecological footprint (a proxy for environmental degradation). Under the circumstances, this study explores the efects of economic growth, capital formation, urbanization, trade openness, energy use, and technological innovation on the ecological footprint by adopting the novel dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) simulations approach for Bangladesh, using annual frequency data from 1972 to 2017. Empirical results from the bounds test ascertained that there exists a long-run equilibrium association among the outlined variables. Furthermore, the novel dynamic ARDL simulation results revealed that Bangladesh is yet to achieve the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. It was observed that the Bangladesh economy is still at the scale stage of its economic trajectory, emphasizing economic growth relative to her environmental status. However, capital formation, urbanization, and energy use seemed to degrade environmental quality, while trade openness and technological innovation upgraded the environmental quality. Putting it more elaborately, a unit escalation in GDP per capita increases the ecological footprint by 0.829% in the long run, while a unit increase in energy consumption upsurges the ecological footprint by 1.074% and 0.761% in the long run and short run, respectively. As regards technology innovation, one unit increase in it cutbacks the ecological footprint by 0.596% in the long run. Furthermore, the frequency domain causality unveiled the long-run feedback efect between economic growth and ecological footprint. The study further presents possible recommendations that can sustainably address environmental issues, keeping the economy buoyant.Öğe Heading towards sustainable environment: exploring the dynamic linkage among selected macroeconomic variables and ecological footprint using a novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach (Nov, 10.1007/s11356-021-17375-9, 2021)(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Islam, Md. Sayemul; Hossain, Md. Emran; Khan, Md. Akhtaruzzaman; Rana, Md. Jaber; Ema, Nishat Sultana; Bekun, Festus Victor[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Impact of COVID-19 on Bangladesh's agriculture sector and the ways forward to recovery: An overview(Wiley, 2023) Islam, Md. Sayemul; Hossain, Md. Emran; Bekun, Festus Victor; Sujan, Md. Hayder KhanThe COVID-19 outbreak has left an indelible effect on Bangladesh's agriculture sector, like that of most developing countries. Considering that agriculture is the cornerstone of Bangladesh's economy, we made an effort to compile a detailed scenario of COVID-19's effect on it through a relevant literature review. Since no significant studies outlined a complete picture of the pandemic's impact on agriculture, our study ventured to reveal the circumstances of each sub-sector of agriculture. During the early phases of the pandemic, farmers engaged in agriculture production got poor prices, with the majority of them incurring losses. Labor shortages and input scarcity were the most prevailing hindrances across all the sub-sectors. The export volume seemed to shrink hugely, hurting the country's GDP. The supply chain for agricultural commodities was disrupted as a result of the lockdown and mobility restrictions, which resulted in the elimination of the majority of intermediaries. Unprecedented challenges occurred in the input and output markets, as well as in the agro-industries, exacerbating the situation. However, while the vegetables and poultry sub-sectors recovered utterly and the dairy sub-sector somehow managed to stabilize, other sub-sectors are still grieving. This study highlighted some policies that can mitigate the miseries of the agriculture sector and overcome further potential threats in Bangladesh and other agriculture-led developing countries.Öğe Towards a clean production by exploring the nexus between agricultural ecosystem and environmental degradation using novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, 2022) Hossain, Md. Emran; Islam, Md. Sayemul; Sujan, Md. Hayder Khan; Tuhin, Md. Mifta-Ul-Jannat; Bekun, Festus VictorAgriculture, which serves as a lifeline for us, is unequivocally vital for an agriculture-dependent economy like Bangladesh, not only for its food supply but also because of its signifcant contribution towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 and 2. However, in a third-world nation like Bangladesh, where farming practices largely circumvent the environmental consequences, raised our concern. In this milieu, this study is a novel attempt to explore the association between agricultural ecosystem and environmental degradation in Bangladesh using a long time spanning from 1972 to 2018. We observed a long-run association between the agroecosystem and CO2 emission. Further, fndings from the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) simulation model revealed that the environmental quality of Bangladesh is heavily distorted by total cereal production, total livestock head, enteric methane emissions, N2O emissions from manure application, and CO2 equivalent N2O emissions from synthetic fertilizers in the short and long run, whereas agricultural technology, pesticide use in agriculture, and burned biomass crop residue deteriorated the environmental quality only in the long run. The counterfactual diagram entailed from the DARDL model projected the trend of CO2 emission in response to positive and negative changes in the analyzed variables. Lastly, this study established a causal relationship between the agroecosystem and environmental degradation using frequency domain causality. Indeed, our study will aid in reshaping agricultural practices in an eco-friendly manner to mitigate environmental degradation and help formulate pragmatic policy actions so that agro-lead nations can thrive in the race of achieving SDGs 1, 2, and 13.