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Öğe ABC-based optimization of cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks(School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2021) Karim, Sulaiman M.; Ozturk, Celal; Mahmood, Musaria K.There are several advantages of using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) compared to wired sensor networks, such as lower cost, easier deployment, and better scalability. WSNs are employed in many fields such as medicine, industry, and economics, among others. As the use of WSNs grows in a number of applications, further work is being done on research and development of new methods to enhance their performance. Selecting the proper routing protocol is a significant consideration and an important task for all WSN applications. Many pieces of research focused on the routing problem which can contribute to the improvement of WSN lifetime and problem-solving techniques. This paper, however, discusses the various existing optimization techniques, including numerous modifications to the LEACH protocol. It then conducts a series of simulations to notice the difference between utilizing LEACH alone and LEACH with the ABC optimization algorithm. The purpose of these experiments is to prove the improvement made by the ABC on the residual energy which is reflected positively in the number of received packets and minimize the dead nodes. This will demonstrate how to optimize WSN system towards energy conservation. LEACH with ABC revealed much better results than LEACH on its own. This indicates one possible optimization technique that limits dead nodes and increases overall residual energy usage and the network lifetime. Many scenarios are simulated to validate the improvement of the WSN performances. © 2021, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics. All rights reserved.Öğe Analysis and evaluation of symmetric key ciphers for internet of things smart home(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2021) Abdulla, Lujain S.; Mahmood, Musaria K.; Salih, Abbas F.; Karim, Sulaiman M.A large number of sensors and intelligent devices are interconnected via the internet to collect data as part of the internet of things (IoT) applications. Data security is one of the important challenges for these applications due to vulnerability of the internet. IoT devices limiting factors, such as delay-sensitivity, restricted memory, and low computing capability, make choosing the appropriate data encryption standard extremely important. The current research focuses on evaluating four data security, block cipher standards for the IoT smart home application. Considering the encryption/decryption speed, DES, TDES, AES, and SAFER+ standards are evaluated by implementing the algorithms with MATLAB to determine the best security solution. The simulation of the four standards shows the superiority of SAFER+ standard in term of encryption speed compared to others added to its capabilities on security, and software implementation opportunity. The use of classical symmetric key standards for real time data security in the IoT application can be validated through the selection of SAFER+. © 2021 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.Öğe Hybrid algorithm for two-terminal reliability evaluation in communication networks(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2020) Mahmood, Musaria Karim; Ucan, Osman; Zaidan, Zahraa; Karim, Sulaiman M.Network reliability is valuable in establishing a survivable communication network. Reliability evaluation algorithms are used in the design stage and during the network deployment. This work presents a new multistage hybrid technique for two-terminal reliability evaluation problem. It is based on a combination of graph reduction techniques and tie-set method. A new approach has been introduced for deducing tie-sets in a network containing both unidirectional and bi-directional edges. The proposed algorithm can be applied for both simple and complex networks without restrictions. The results confirm that new algorithm evaluates network's reliability with decreasing computing time compared to classical algorithms. The results for a case study of a 20-node network have demonstrated that the required time for reliability evaluation is decreased from (t>1 hour) in the case of using a classical algorithm, to (t<1 second) for the new algorithm. © 2021 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.