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Öğe Combination of Graph Reduction and Tie-set Techniques for Network Reliability Assessment(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Aljbur, Nazik; Mahmood, Musaria K.; Myderrizi, IndritThe reliability of the communication network is used as one of the quality of service factors defining the availability and the resilience of the operating networks. Many classical algorithms exist but most of them fail to be applied for real-time reliability assessment in complex networks where the calculation load is increased in function of the complexity. In the present work, a new algorithm is proposed to resolve the problem of the reliability evaluation for all kinds of networks (simple and complex). The algorithm is based on the combination of two classical reliability methods giving an efficient hybrid algorithm. Graph transformation method and tie sets methods are fused into multi stages algorithm. The network passes through many simplification layers based on series, parallel, and edge factoring graph transformation to transform a complex network into a simpler network. The simplified topology is then used as input for a classical algorithm; here the tie sets for the two-terminal reliability evaluation. A simulation is performed on a 11-node random complex network to compare the performances of the new algorithm to the existing algorithms. The results of the proposed algorithm are compared to those resulting from the use of tie sets algorithm in term of computing time. The implementation of the algorithms by MATLAB shows a noticeable improvement in the time for reliability calculation. The improvement depends on the selected commodity as source-destination pair. For example, the network under simulation shows an improvement in time computing compared to classical tie-set algorithm of 550% for the commodity (2-3). Also, there is no limitation on the size and complexity of the network. © 2021 IEEEÖğe COVID-19 Quarantine Monitoring Based on Geofencing Technique(İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları / Istanbul Gelisim University Yayınları, 2021) Alqrnawi, Nawar; Myderrizi, Indrit?Smartphone and satellite network coverage contributes to a number of useful applications that increase the comfort of everyday people's lives. Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) provided by the satellite, people can be tracked in real time at a specific location. When it comes to infectious diseases such as COVID-19, the most important measure to reduce its spread is to contain it. Quarantine is usually a solution and any tracking system can be employed to specify the location of the infected people. However, as quarantined areas are scattered around the world, it is difficult to accurately trace the boundaries within accommodation. A geo-fenced GPS system, which has adopted an efficient border protection system, is proposed for quarantine and monitoring purposes of COVID-19 carriers. The system is introduced as an application to implement a home/local quarantine policy using bracelets that fit the boundaries of smartphones. From the experimental results obtained, it is observed that the proposed system achieves an effective and high accuracy performance in various location conditions.Öğe Drone Movement Control by Electroencephalography Signals Based on BCI System(VSB-TECHNICAL UNIV OSTRAVA, 17 LISTOPADU 15, OSTRAVA 70833, CZECH REPUBLIC, 2022) Abdulwahhab, Ali Hussein; Myderrizi, Indrit; Mahmood, Musaria KarimBrain Computer Interface enables individuals to communicate with devices through ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) signals in many applications that use brainwave-controlled units. This paper presents a new algorithm using EEG waves for controlling the movements of a drone by eye-blinking and attention level signals. Optimization of the signal recognition obtained is carried out by classifying the eyeblinking with a Support Vector Machine algorithm and converting it into 4-bit codes via an artificial neural network. Linear Regression Method is used to categorize the attention to either low or high level with a dynamic threshold, yielding a 1-bit code. The control of the motions in the algorithm is structured with two control layers. The first layer provides control with eye-blink signals, the second layer with both eye-blink and sensed attention levels. EEG signals are extracted and processed using a single channel NeuroSky MindWave 2 device. The proposed algorithm has been validated by experimental testing of five individuals of different ages. The results show its high performance compared to existing algorithms with an accuracy of 91.85 % for 9 control commands. With a capability of up to 16 commands and its high accuracy, the algorithm can be suitable for many applications.Öğe Effects of Istanbul's Weather on Free-Space Optical Communications(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Alfalih, Mohammed Kadhim; Myderrizi, Indrit; Solyman, Ahmed; Mohammed, MohaimenOne of the most important wireless communication technologies for future communication generations is free-space optics (FSO). It is distinguished from radio frequencies (RF) communication by the simplicity of installation, low cost per bit ratio, and high bandwidth of broadband communications networks. The biggest difficulty with FSO is the weather. When the medium of communication is in the atmosphere, weather disturbances such as fog, smog, snow, rain, and dust particles may cause FSO networks to be unavailable and not sufficiently reliable in unsuitable conditions. This paper aims to investigate the distinctive climatic conditions that have an impact on FSO communications, such as attenuation caused by geometry, molecular, atmosphere, fluorescence, snow, and rain in Istanbul, given its privileged location that connects the continents of Asia and Europe, which nominates it to be a conduit for transferring data between the world. As an alternative to optical cables and wireless communication. © 2022 IEEE.Öğe Implementation and evaluation of a comprehensive Li-Fi system u sing Matlab/Simulink(Ceyhun Yılmaz, 2022) Yılmaz, Ahmet Fetullah; Myderrizi, Indrit; Kalfa, Betül DamlaLi - Fi technology is a type of visible light communication that uses LEDs as a data transmission source. Li - Fi is expected to occupy an important place in wireless network technology by providing high - speed internet access and having high bandwidth. It may be a common technology to provide internet access instead of Wi - Fi in places where radio waves are inconvenient, such as hospitals and airplanes. In this paper, a comprehensive Li - Fi system model implemented using Simulink ® is proposed and evaluated. The model is equipped with a mirror and a thin convex lens to increase the efficiency of the Li - Fi system by reflecting and focusing the lig ht beam emitted from the LEDs. The result obtained from the evaluation test shows that the output signal from the model of the proposed Li - Fi system is much higher than that of the basic Li - Fi system. Thus, using the proposed comprehensive model, more effi cient Li - Fi systems can be realized.Öğe Implementation of CNN based COVID-19 classification model from CT images(IEEE, 2021) Kaya, Atakan; Atas, Kubilay; Myderrizi, IndritThe number of COVID-19 patients around the globe is increasing day by day. Statistics show that even after almost 10 months from outbreak, number of the total patients has not reached to its peak value yet. Easy spreading of the virus among people causes high number of patients at the same time. Accelerating the reduction in spread is of vital importance. In order to achieve this reduction, early diagnosis of the disease and the number of tests and scans to be performed frequently becomes important. In this paper, a comprehensive model examination is made to overcome COVID-19 diagnosing problem. Using CT images, data augmentation technique is applied first in the pre-processing section and then pre-trained deep CNN networks perform the classification. The model is tested using various networks and high accuracy results of 96.5% and 97.9% are obtained for VGG-16 and EfficientNetB3 networks, respectively.Öğe Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks(İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi / Istanbul Gelisim University, 2023) Alrubaye, Ali Qasim; Myderrizi, IndritSensor nodes (motes) are randomly dispersed in wireless sensor network (WSN) domains. Motes in WSNs coordinate for producing information of high quality and each scattered mote routes that information back to fixed or mobile base stations (BSs). One of the problems with sensor nodes is battery constraints that limit network lifetime, meaning mots contain limited power depending on size, battery life, and memory. Aggregation-based routing algorithm, low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), is envisaged as a highly adequate solution to reduce power consumption. The main objective of this work is to optimize the LEACH protocol primarily in terms of power consumption. There are two reasons to explore hierarchical routing. First, sensor networks have high density and there is a large amount of redundancy in communication. The second is to increase the scalability of the sensor network by considering the security aspects of the communication. In many studies using the LEACH algorithm, the performance analysis of WSNs with the MATLAB simulator has revealed some flaws that need to be eliminated in the algorithm. The proposed research uses the improved IV-LEACH protocol to ensure an even distribution of selected cluster heads of motes over the network to increase the efficiency of the LEACH protocol. Using MATLAB, average life, energy consumption, and efficiency are analyzed to determine mots suitability for use in WSNs. The IV-LEACH protocol outperforms the LEACH protocol, improving energy consumption, lifetime and throughput in a simulated network of 150 nodes.Öğe Multiple Constant Multiplication using Difference based Adder Graph(IEEE, 2021) Knifati, Abdurrahman; Myderrizi, IndritIn this paper, the multiple constant multiplication is implemented using the difference based adder graph. The experiments carried with the developed algorithm using Matlab, show that difference based adder graph provides low adder depth at the expense of having more adder cost, especially dealing with sets of many small constants or large constants. For such cases, results show an adder depth reduction up to 17% while an adder cost increase up to 11% compared to a recent adder graph algorithm known as FREYR in the state-of-art algorithms.Öğe Reliability Evaluation Using a Clustering Technique Based on Tie-set Method(IEEE, 2020) Mahmood, Musaria K.; Myderrizi, IndritIn this paper, an efficient technique to be used for reliability evaluation of complex networks with a large number of links and/or nodes is presented. By mapping network topology into many partitions through a hierarchical clustering process, the network's nodes are distributed in distinct groups at the top level. Then each group where the tie-set algorithm is independently applicable is represented only by contact nodes. The reliability evaluation is performed for the network simplified in this way. The proposed method is validated in terms of calculation speed and computational complexity through simulation of a randomly selected network.Öğe Secure and Fast Encryption Routine+: Evaluation by Software Application(İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınları / Istanbul Gelisim University Press, 2020) Şahin, M. Faruk; Mahmood, Musaria Karim; Myderrizi, IndritNowadays, the Internet era and its components are based on the collection, exchange, and storage of information which represent a sever security concern. Many cipher algorithms have been developed, evaluated, and implemented to increase the protection of data for various applications. The most known strategy of data securing has been the implementation of symmetrical key encryption standards. Secrecy, robustness, reliability, and software/ hardware implementation, are among the most important properties of good cipher standard. In this work, text, data and image encryption/decryption are performed by a MATLAB software implementation of the symmetric key block standard realized using the Secure and Fast Encryption Routine (SAFER+) algorithm with 128 key length option. The results show good performances in encryption/ decryption speed through a set of original procedures to simplify the achievement of nonlinear functions adopted by SAFER+ structure.Öğe Yapay Sinir Ağı Tabanlı Model ile X-ray Görüntülerinden Covid-19 Teşhisi(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2023) Ataş, Kubilay; Kaya, Atakan; Myderrizi, IndritDünyadaki koronavirüs hasta sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Hastalığın ortaya çıkışının üzerinden bir seneden fazla zaman geçmesine rağmen istatistiklere göre henüz hasta sayısındaki zirve görülmemiştir. Hasta sayısındaki artışın zamana yayılması hastane doluluk oranlarının tehlikeli boyutlara ulaşmasını önlemek için önemlidir. Bu nedenle virüsü taşıyan bireylerin hızlıca teşhis edilerek hastalık geçene kadar toplumdan soyutlanmaları gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada X-ray görüntüsü kullanılarak yapılabilecek hızlı hastalık teşhisi için kapsamlı bir yapay sinir ağı tabanlı model önerilmiştir. Koronavirüsün akciğerler dokularında yarattığı tahribattan yararlanılarak teşhis işlemi saniyeler içerisinde yapılabilmektedir. Çalışmaya konu olan model, X-ray görüntülerini ön-işlemlerden geçirerek iyileştirmekte ve çoğullamaktadır. DenseNet201, ResNeXt-101(32×8d), VGG-19bn ve Wide-ResNet101-2 ağları kullanılarak eğitim yapıldıktan sonra görüntüden Covid-19 pozitif veya negatif olarak teşhis konulmasını sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen en iyi sonuç %94.79 genel doğruluk oranıyla ResNeXt-101(32×8d) ağı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.