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Öğe A Provably Secure and Efficient Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme for Energy Internet-Based Vehicle-to-Grid Technology Framework(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Irshad, Azeem; Usman, Muhammad; Chaudhry, Shehzad Ashraf; Naqvi, Husnain; Shafiq, MuhammadThe energy Internet (EI)-based vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology facilitates the electric vehicles not only to distribute additional electricity into grid systems, but also support receiving back from the power grid in the form of charging. The secure key establishment is quite significant to initiate the bidirectional electricity power delivery into and from the system. To effectively implement any EI-based V2G communication, the authentication protocol must be free from cyber attacks. In this article, we not only explore the drawbacks of several smart grid-based authentication protocols but also bring forth the limitations of a recently presented EI-based V2G scheme by Gope and Sikdar. The examined drawbacks in this protocol may disrupt its proper functioning, since it faces desynchronization problems while logging into the mobile device bearing registration parameters. The scheme is also vulnerable to replay attack and man-in-the-middle attack. The user is also unable to validate session key in the protocol. Considering these limitations, we propose a novel and efficient V2G protocol framework enabling the vehicles to communicate or recharge at desired recharging stations. The results of the proposed framework are compared with several contemporary schemes, and its security features are validated by random oracle model-based formal analysis. © 1972-2012 IEEE.Öğe Security Hardened and Privacy Preserved Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication(WILEY-HINDAWI, ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FL, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON WIT 5HE, ENGLAND, 2022) Irshad, Azeem; Shafiq, Muhammad; Chaudhry, Shehzad Ashraf; Usman, MuhammadVehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications have recently gained concentration of researchers for both, academia as well as industry. In the V2X system, the information is communicated from vehicle sensors to other vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, and mobile network cloud through high-bandwidth reliable links [1–4]. &e technology may greatly improve the driver’s awareness of imminent hazards, thereby reducing the severity of accidents, fatalities, or possible collisions with other vehicles. &e V2X technology brings efficiency through creating warning alerts for drivers, imparting the information of alternative routes for avoiding possible traffic congestions and pinpointing available parking spaces. Such critical situations might become problematic if the security and privacy of V2X communication system is compromised [5–8]. &us, V2X vehicles along with efficiency, reliability, and safety parameters require more secure and robust communication protocols to meet the upcoming security challenges. Moreover, the wireless nature of the system might become challenging in affording secure and ubiquitous connectivity to the V2X network [9–13]. &is is crucial to create a fail-safe infrastructure of modern traffic scenario regarding smart cities since security and privacy issues are quite prevalent in our daily lives.