Solyman, Ahmad A.A.Elhaty, Ismail A.2024-09-112024-09-1120212088-8708https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp3403-3409https://hdl.handle.net/11363/8428The vision of 6G communications is an improved performance of the data rate and latency limitations and permit ubiquitous connectivity. In addition, 6G communications will adopt a novel strategy. Terahertz (THz) waves will characterize 6G networks, due to 6G will integrate terrestrial wireless mobile communication, geostationary and medium and low orbit satellite communication and short distance direct communication technologies, as well as integrate communication, computing, and navigation. This study discusses the key challenges of THz waves, including path losses which is considered the main challenge; transceiver architectures and THz signal generators; environment of THz with network architecture and 3D communications; finally, Safety and health issues. © 2021 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess3D propagation environment 6G communications Terahertz frequency THz challenges THz signal generators THz spectrum Wireless networksArticle1143403340910.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp3403-34092-s2.0-85104469006Q3